Loom



R. MARX March 13, 1934.

LOOM

Filed June 1, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 fiweniar EJLCkdi d 5 kid 5 260722630 WW 7 7M R. MARX March 13, 1934.

LOOM

Filed June 1. 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 R. MARX March 13, 1934.

LOOM

Filed June 1. 1929 I5 Sheets-$heet 3 fiwenz ar- 3 ALL; flfiarzwya hm 7WPatented Mar. 13, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 14- Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving pilefabrics, and more particularly to looms of the type employing pile wiresarranged longitudinally of the fabric or in the direction of the warps.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a. loom of this typehaving generally improved means for forming the pile loops.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a loop-formingmeans which is entirely automatic, in that it requires actuation of nopart of the loom other than that involved in the normal operation ofreciprocating the pile warps.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loom of the stated typein which the formation of the pile loop is such as to permit it to bereadily undone and which is provided with means for mechanicallyeffecting such undoing whereby the fabric may be unwoven to permitcorrection of mistakes resulting from faulty jacquard operation or fromother causes.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel form of mechanismof the slated type affording a materially improved product ofmanufacture.

A further object of the invention is toprovide a loom of the type setforth which may be operated at a much faster rate of speed than looms ofthe same type as made prior tomy invention.

A further object of the invention is to provide a loop-forming mechanismfor looms which shall be extremely compact, thereby affording anexceptionally large space for accommodation of the lingo wires actuatedby the jacquard and offering no interference to the weaver in theoperation of fixing the ends.

A still further object of the invention is to pr vide a loom which shallbe practically fool-proof.

A further object of the invention is to provide a loom of the statedtype in which ample room is provided for the functioning of the stuiferand binder yarns as well as for the idle print yarn, and which is in noway adversely affected by the presence of knots or irregularities in theyarn.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loop-forming mechanismof the stated type in which the wear on the parts is reduced to aminimum.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a device of theclass set forth in which desired changes in the reed may be made withgreat ease and rapidity.

The invention further contemplates the provision of a loom upon whichfabrics can be woven of much greater width than on looms equipped withthe prior loop-forming devices.

Another object of the invention is to provide a loom in which a finergrade of fabric can be made than in other loo-ms of the same type.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for effecting adesirable tightness of the pile loop on the wire affording a uniformlysmooth and regular pile in the woven product.

Still another object of the invention is to pro-v vide a loop-formingapparatus in the form of a unit which can be applied easily and quicklyto any form of loom.

The invention further resides in certain novel and improving structuraldetails hereinafter set forth and illustrated in the attached drawings,in which:

Figure 1 is a front view of a loop-forming attachment made in accordancewith my invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the attachment;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view illustrating the relation of theattachment to the essential associated working parts of a loom;

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view on the line 4--l, Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a partial sectional view taken on the line 55, Fig. 4,illustrating the relative transverse positions of the reed elements;

Figs. 6 and 7 are face views of the two forms of reed elements used in apreferred embodiment of my invention;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line 88, Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9, Fig. 7

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary elevational view illustrating two adjacent reedelements and the intermediate pile wire in their normal relativepositions;

Fig. 11 shows the same elements as in Fig. 10 in the position to whichthey are adjusted for a reversal of the weaving operation;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view illustrating astructural detail, and

Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating the modeof operation of another detail of the invention.

With particular reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a preferred embodiment of myinvention may consist of a main frame 1 including standards 2, 2 uponwhich is supported an open rectangular sub-frame 5. This sub-frame 5consist of upper and lower horizontal bars 6 and 7, to the ends of whichare pivotally secured upright bars 8 and 9, and these uprights are alsopivotally connected at 10, 10 intermediate their ends to standards 11and 12 of the main frame 1. As indicated at 13 in Fig. 2, the aperturesin the uprights 8 and 9 through which the pivot pins extend are slottedlongitudinally of the uprights, so that for a purpose hereinafter setforth, these uprights are permitted a certain amount of longitudinalmovement with respect to the main frame. The lower horizontal bar '7 ofthe frame 5 rests upon roller bearings 14 in the standards 2, and apositive connection between the horizontal bar 7 and the standards isprovided in the form of screws 15 projecting from the said horizontalbar through blades 25a.

horizontal slots 16 in the standards. This construction provides forlongitudinal movement of the horizontal bar 7 with respect to thesupporting standards 2, this movement of the horizontal being permittedby reason of the pivotal connection between itself and the upperhorizontal 6 and the upright frame pieces 8 and 9, and the pivotal andslotted connection between the said uprights 8 and 9 and the main frameuprights 11 and 12. Provision is made for adjusting the subframe 5 inthe main frame 1, this means consisting in the present instance of alever 17 pivotally secured at 18 to a bracket 19 on the main frameupright 12, said lever also having a pivotal connection as indicated at20 with the sub-frame 5. Obviously, movement of the free end of thelever 17 results in an adjustment of the frame 5 as described abcve, aslight longitudinal movement of the lever 17 being provided for in aslot 21 through which the pivot screw 18 extends.

The upper and lower horizontal frame pieces 6 and 7 are provided attheir lower and upper edges respectively with a series of transverseslots 22, see Figs. 10, 11 and 12, these slots being formed in thepresent instance in bars 23 secured by means of screws 24 to thehorizontals 6 and '7. These transverse slots are adapted to receive theupper and lower ends of a series of yarn guides 25 which in a preferredembodiment take the form of more or less flat plates, as shown in Figs.6, '7 and 8. As therein disclosed, the blades are formed in two setsshown respectively in Figs. 6 and 'T and indicated respectively 25a and25b. The blades 25a comprise a main section 26 having at the bottom atransversely projecting foot 27,- andat the opposite end a transverselyoffset portion 28. At the lower extreme edge is a projecting lug 29, andthe offset portion 28 is provided on the opposite sides with spacedrecesses 30 and 31. At the opposite vertical edges of the blade andrespectively opposite the recesses 30 and 31 is a. pair of transverselyprojecting fins or flanges 32 and 33, these fins in each instanceprojecting from that face of the blade opposite the face in which theimmediately adjacent recess, 30 or 31, is formed. The blades 25b areessentially similar to the blades 25a, having the same elements, whichin Fig. '1 are designated by the same reference characters used in thedescription of the blades 25a. The blades 25b differ from the blades 25ain that the foot projections 27 and the offset upper section 28 projectfrom. the main section 26 oppositely to the corresponding parts of theAlso the lug 29 of the blade 2511 projects from the outer end of theprojecting foot 27, and the upper extremity is slightly modified for apurpose hereinafter set forth.

As shown in Fig. 4. the blades are adapted to be assembled in the slotswith the blades 25a interspersed or alternating with the blades 2512. Inthe assembly, the upper and lower end edges of all of the blades are intransverse alignment, the lugs 29 being so placed as also to fall intransverse alignment, as clearly illustrated. These lugs projectingdownwardly against one of the vertical faces of the lower slotted bar 23constitute a means for clamping the lower ends of the blades, this beingaccomplished in the present instance through the medium of a clampingbar 34 secured to the frame horizontals 7 by means of screws 35. Theupper frame horizontal 6 is provided on each vertical face with aretaining plate 36 which projects beyond the nether face of theupperslotted bar 23, see Fig.

i, these face plates 36 thereby constituting re-- taining elements forthe upper transversely aligned extremities of the blades 25. The upperand lower extremities of each of the blades 25 are beveled or slightlytapered, as illustrated in the enlarged detail view of Fig. 12, therebyproviding in the joints the freedom required for the longitudinaladjustment of the lower frame horizontals '7 described above and theconsequent distortion of the sub-frame 5. As shown in Fig. 12, thetapered ends of the blades 25 in conjunction with the rectangular formof the recesses 22 provide a. continuously relatively tight socketconnection, while permitting the relative movement of the blades withrespect to the recessed pieces which hold them when the frame 5 isdistorted.

The above described mechanism constitutes a unit adapted for mounting onthe loom in a position intermediate the harness and the lay. Therelative position of the apparatus with respect to the lay isillustrated in Fig. 3, in which the lay is indicated by the referencenumeral 3?. correspond in general with the reeds 38 of the la andnormally are in substantial parallel relation with the later.

'39 are the pile wires which may be assembled in the loom in the usualmanner and which extend between the reeds 38 and have their outerextremities positioned between the adjacent pairs of guide blades 25. Asshown in Figs. 3, 10 and 11, the extremities of the wires which liebetween the blades 25 are free and are provided with a vertical crosspiece or extensions 40, which preferably are highly resilient andrelatively thin. 10 does not normally occupy a truly vertical position,but is somewhat inclined to the vertical so that when the blades 25 arein their normal substantially vertical position, as shown in Fig. 10,the extremities of the cross piece lie respectively against the opposedfaces of the blades between which the pile wire projects. Also asillustrated in Figs. 3 and 10, the extremities of the cross piece 40 liedirectly opposite the flanges 32 and 33 of the two adjacent blades. Withthe parts as illustrated in Fig. 10, it will be apparent that a pilewarp reciprocated between any two of the blades 25 in a, path extendingabove and below the extremities of the cross bar 40 will 1 be guided bythe blades, so that in each full reciprocation it will pass completelyaround the pile wire 39 to form a complete loop thereon. When the frame5 is adjusted by means of the lever 17 from the normal position, asshown in Fig. 10, the blades 25 assume a diagonal position, as shown inFig. 11, whereby the upper and lower ends of the cross piece 40 contactrespectively with the opposite blade surfaces, the

recesses 30 and31 being so located with respect to the cross piece 40that the ends of the latter lie within the recesses, as shown in Fig.11. Under these circumstances, a yarn reciprocated in the normal mannerwill be passed around the pile wire 39 in the opposite direction, sothat ing the yarn outwardly from the sides of the 1;

The number and spacing of the guides 25 The cross piece 40 as shown inFig.

blades against which the said extremities bear and insuring a smooth andsure operation. When the blades are moved to an abnormal position, asshown in Fig. 11, on the other hand, the extremities of the cross pieceof the pile wire lie within the recesses 30 and 31 of the adjacentblades whereby the extremities of the cross piece are again preventedfrom coming into contact with the pile yarn as it moves between theblades in either direction.

By utilizing the two oppositely offset sets of blades 25a and 25binterspersed as set forth above, a relatively wide opening is providedbetween the lower sections of the blades in which the stufier and binderyarns as well as the idle print yarns have ample room to move. Knots orany irregularities in the yarn will not interfere with a proper normalfunction.

Attention is also directed to the form of the pile wire in theloop-forming section. As indicated at 41, the wire is recessed at theupper edge in a smooth curve to form a relatively narrow section wherethe pile loops are initially formed. As the loops are forced back on thewider portion of the wire, they are extended and rendered uniformlytight so that when eventually sheared by the blade 42, the resultingpile is extremely smooth and free from irregularities. By providing, asshown in Fig. 3, an adjustment of the wire to vary the position of therecess 41 of the pile wire with respect to the adjacent edge of thebeam, it is possible to accurately regulate the tightness of the loop.This can be readily understood by reference to Fig. 13, wherein it willbe noted that the beam 43 is so positioned with respect to the recessthat the loops formed in the latter are forced by the lay as it advancesagainst the breast beam completely out of the recess 41 and onto theportion of the wire of greater height. A loop formed under theseconditions, while entirely firm, is relatively loose. Assuming now thatthe breast beam and the wire are so relatively adjusted that a portionof the recess 41 overlies the end of the beam, it will be apparent thatthe loop, when beaten in by the lay, will not be forced onto thatportion of the wire of greatest height, but will mere- 1y be broughtinto a position still within the recess 41 but nearer its forward edge.When the next succeeding loop, however, is forced forwardly by the lay,that loop will force the pr viously formed loop completely out of therecess 41 and onto the portion of the wire of greatest thickness, withthe result that the loop is placed under considerable tension and willbe relatively tight upon the wire. The actual tightness of the loop uponthe wire may thus be regulated within limits imposed by the depth of therecess 41.

The wire-clamping bar 39a, which bridges the breast beam to permitpassage thereunder of the woven fabric, is adjustably secured at itsends to the beam, as illustrated, to provide for adjustment of the wiresas set forth. The frame 1 is also adjustable as a whole, whereby therelation of the guides to the wire may be maintained, this adjustingmeans being shown at 1a in Fig. 2.

There are many advantages in my mechanism. The loops formed around thewire as described may be readily undone by a simple adjustment of theguides, as set forth above, in case this is made necessary by faultyjacquard operation or for other reason. The full loop arrangement alsoresults in the production of a better article in that the contactbetween the wefts and the pile yarn covers a greater surface than infabrics formed in accordance with the prior method. This results in afirmer bond between the pile and the base fabric. The device permits ofa unitary construction which can be applied with ease to any loom and iscapable of being mounted either on the loom itself or on the flooradjacent the loom. The attachment is compact and takes up only a verysmall portion of the space in back of the lathe cap, thereby giving thelingo wires actuated by the jacquard ample room to function. Also thehighest portion of the attachment is well below the lathe cap and doesnot interfere in any way in the end fixing operations of the Weaver.

The device eliminates all parts moved or actuated from the loo-m, theformation of the loop 'eing entirely automatic and resulting from asimple reciprocation of the warps in the usual manner. No experthandling is required as the device is fool-proof and is thereforecapable of operation by any weaver. As previously stated, the staggeredform of the interspersed guide blade provides ample space where the bulkof the yarn functions for the free movement of the yarn, and therelatively slight staggered effect the upper sections of the guideblades is sufficient to entirely neutralize the space taken up by theflanges 32 and 33 and gives the pile yarn as much free play as thoughthe flanges were not present. The uide blades are readily formed bystamping from sheet material, and this latter may be relatively light byreason of the fact that the blades are supported at both top and bottom,and the device permits more loops per inch and the production of a finergrade of fabric than can be produced on machines as made in accordancewith the prior practice. As there are no moving parts, wear in theattachment will be relatively slight, and it is possible to run the 100mat a much faster rate than was possible with the machines employing theprior wire motions. This is especially true on broad looms, and thedevice is adapted for the production of fabrics of much greater widthsthan was practicable with the prior devices.

I claim:

1. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires,of guides operatively associated with said wires, means forreciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires,and cooperative deflectors on the wires and guides for directing thewarp yarns to opposite sides of the wires.

2. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires,of guides operatively associated with said wires, means forreciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires,deflectors on the wires for directing the warp yarns to opposite sidesof the wires, and means on the guides for deflecting the yarn away fromthe ends of said deflectors.

3. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires,of guides operatively as sociated with said wires, means forreciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires,opposite extensions on said wires respectiveiy engaging at theirextremities the faces of the guides on the opposite sides of the wires,and means on the guides for deflecting the yarn away from the ends ofthe said extensions.

4. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwlse pile wires,of guides operatively associated with said wires, means forreciprocating warp yarns in the guides and with respect to said wires,opposite extensions on said wires respectively engaging at theirextremities the faces of the guides on the opposite sides of the wires,and flan es on said guides projecting transversely beyond the faces withwhich the said wire extensions contact and in positions respectivelyopposite the points of contact between said extensions and the guideswhereby the yarn is deflected outwardly away from the ends of saidextensions.

5. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of awarpwise pile wire extending between said guides, opposite extensions onsaid wire adapted respectively to contact at their extremities with theguides on opposite sides of the wire, and means for shifting said guidesto reverse the points of contact between the said extensions and theguides.

6. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of awarpwise pile wire extending between said guides, extensions on saidwire adapted at their outer ends and respectively to engage the oppositefaces of the said guides, and means for relatively moving said wire andsaid guides whereby the said extensions are respectively brought intoengagement with the other of said guides.

7. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of awarpwise pile wire extending between said guides, extensions on saidwire adapted at their outer ends and respectively to engage the oppositefaces of the said guides, means for relatively movii f said wire andsaid guides whereby the said extensions are respectively brought intoengagement with the other said guides, and means on said guidesoperative for both of said positions to deflect a yarn reclprccatedbetween said guides outwardly and away from the extremities of saidextensions.

8. In a loom,rthe combination with a pair of spaced guides, of awarpwise pile wire extending between said guides, extensions on saidwire adapted at their outer ends and respectively to engage the oppositefaces of the said guides, means for relatively moving said wire and saidguides whereby the said extensions are respectively brought intoengagement with the other of said guides, means on said guides operativefor both of said positions to deflect a yarn reciprocated between saidguides outwardly and away from the extremities of said extensions, saidalternative deflecting means taking the form respectively of recesses inthe opposite faces of said guides, and flanges on said guides projectingaway from the faces of the guides with which the said extensionscontact.

9. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of awarpwise pile wire extending between said guides, means forreciprocating a warp yarn between said guides and with respect to saidwire, means for deflectin the yarn to opposite sides of the wire wherebythe warp is wound in successive convolutions on the wire, and means foradjusting said deflecting means whereby continued reciprocation resultsin an unwinding of said convolutions.

10. In a loom comprising warpwise pile wires,

the combination with means for reciprocating awarp yarn with respect tosaid wires, of means for guiding said yarn in successive convolutionsaround said wires, and means for adjusting said guiding means wherebycontinued reciprocation of the warp yarn results in an unwinding of saidconvolutions from the wire.

11. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced guides, of awarpwise pile wire extending between said guides, and means forreciprocating a warp yarn between the guides and with respect to saidwire, each of said guides having a recess in its inner face and atpoints respectively on opposite sides of said wire, and each of saidguides having projecting beyond its inner face and at pointsrespectively opposite the recess in the other guide a flange, extensionson said pile wire adapted in one relative position of the wire and saidguides to occupy with their extremities the said recesses and in anotherrelative position of said Wire and guides to occupy at their extremitiespositions behind the said flanges, and means for relatively moving thewire and said guides to bring them into the said alternative relativepositions.

12. In a loom, the combination with a pair of spaced support members, ofa plurality of parallel spaced guide elements having their endsrespectiveiy secured in said supports, warpwise pile wires extendingbetween the adjacent pairs of guide elements, means for reciprocating awarp yarn between said guides and with respect to said wires,cooperating deflecting means on the wires and on the guides whereby saidreciprocation of the warps results in winding the warp in successiveconvolutions around the wires, and means for relatively adjusting saidsupports to create an adjustment of said deflecting means resulting in areversal of said winding operation.

13. In a loom, the combination with a plurality of warpwise pile wires,of a plurality of guides between adjacent pairs of which the said wiresrespectively extend, means for reciprocating yarn between said guides,each adjacent pair of guides having oppositely offset sections affordinga rel atively wide space between which said yarns extend and withinwhich they are reciprocated, and upper registering sections betweenwhich said pile wires extend and between which sections the warp yarn isadapted to be reciprocated with respect to the wires.

14. In a loom, the combination with a lay, of a breast beam constitutinga stop limiting the forward or working stroke of said lay, a warpwisepile wire having a recessed section, and means for looping a pile warparound the wire at the recessed section, said beam and wire beingrelatively adjustable in a direction longitudinally of the wire to varythe position of the inner edge of the beam with respect to the said pilewire recess whereby the said edge of the beam and the recess may beadjusted in or out of registration to thereby regulate the tightness ofthe loops upon the wire.

RICHARD MARX.

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